self-management_smas
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| ====== Self-Management (SMAS) ====== | ====== Self-Management (SMAS) ====== | ||
| - | The Self-Management Ability Scale (SMAS-30) is an instrument aimed to measure the self-management skills of elderly people. | + | The Self-Management Ability Scale (SMAS-30) is an instrument aimed to measure the self-management skills of elderly people |
| ===== Background ===== | ===== Background ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | The SMAS-30 measures six self-management skills of elderly people, resulting in subscores per skill as well as a total sum score. The six skills are based on the theory of the self-management of well-being ((Steverink et al (2005). How to understand and improve older people’s self-management of wellbeing. European journal of aging 2(4): | ||
| - | * Taking the initiative (active-motivational ability), Q1-5 | ||
| - | * Self-efficacy beliefs (cognitive ability), Q6-10 | ||
| - | * Investment behaviour (active-motivational ability), Q11-15 | ||
| - | * A positive frame of mind (cognitive ability), Q16-20 | ||
| - | * Multifunctionality or resources (resource-combining ability), Q21-25 | ||
| - | * Variety in resources (resource-combining ability), Q26-30 | ||
| + | The first version of the SMAS-30 was originally developed in Dutch, with the aim to determine whether self-management courses for Dutch elderly people actually result in an improvement of self-management skills. In the second version, which was implemented in Lifelines, some questions were rephrased. | ||
| + | The SMAS-30 measures six self-management skills, resulting in subscores per skill as well as a total sum score. The six skills are based on the theory of the self-management of well-being ((Steverink et al (2005). How to understand and improve older people’s self-management of wellbeing. European journal of aging 2(4): | ||
| + | - Taking the initiative (active-motivational ability), Q1-5 | ||
| + | - Self-efficacy beliefs (cognitive ability), Q6-10 | ||
| + | - Investment behaviour (active-motivational ability), Q11-15 | ||
| + | - A positive frame of mind (cognitive ability), Q16-20 | ||
| + | - Multifunctionality or resources (resource-combining ability), Q21-25 | ||
| + | - Variety in resources (resource-combining ability), Q26-30 | ||
| + | ===== Scoring ===== | ||
| + | The SMAS-30/v2 comprises of 30 questions that refer to daily life activities. Things people do, hobby’s, contacts with other people, family, exercise, etcetera. Participants are intstructed to think of their own general life in the past three months, and to choose the most fitting response on a 5 or 6-point [[https:// | ||
| + | * Q1-5, Q11-15, and Q20-25: [1] never; [2] rarely; [3] sometimes; [4] regularly; [5] often; [6] very often | ||
| + | * Q6-10: 1] definitely not; [2] I don’t think so; [3] sometimes yes; sometimes no; [4] I think so; [5] definitely yes | ||
| + | * Q16-20: [1] No!; [2] No; [3] More or less; [4] Yes, [5] Yes! | ||
| + | * Q26-30: [1] none; [2] one; [3] two; [4] three or four; [5] fice or six; [6] more than six | ||
| - | | **Questions English** | + | A score for each self-management skill, and a total score for general self-management abilities, can be obtained as follows: |
| - | | How often do you take the initiative to contact the people you care about? | + | * Convert each answer on a 6-point Likert scale to a 0-5 score, and each answer on a 5-point Likert scale to a 0-4 score. |
| - | | How often do you take the initiative to have fun contacts with other people? | + | * Multiply the scores on 6-point Likert scale items by 4, and scores on 5-point Likert scale items by 5, to get a 0-20 score on each item. |
| - | | How often do you take the initiative to actively engage in something? | + | * Calculate the average of the 5 scores per skill – note that no more than 1 score per skill may be missing – and multiply the outcome by 5 to get a subscore between 0-100 for each of the six self-management skills. |
| - | | How often are you engaged in making your house or room as comfortable as possible for yourself (for example by cleaning up or by creating a cosy atmosphere)? | + | * The total self-management score is the average of the six subscores. |
| - | | Do you ever try to be good at something? | + | * The results can be used to describe any or total self-management skills in a cohort, to evaluate changes over time, or to assess the effectivity of an event or an intervention. |
| - | | Are you good at something? | + | |
| - | | Do you succeed in finding enjoyable activities? | + | ===== Permission ===== |
| - | | Do you succeed in letting others know that you care about them? | Lukt het u om anderen te laten merken dat u om hen geeft? | + | |
| - | | Do you succeed in taking good care of yourself? | + | The instrument can be used free of charge via [[http:// |
| - | | Do you succeed in having fun contacts with other people? | + | |
| - | | Do you sometimes make a small gesture in order to maintain good contact with your acquaintances (for example making a phone call or sending a postcard)? | + | ===== Variables ====== |
| - | | Do you make sure you have enough regular activities (such as a hobby) so that you remain active? | + | |
| - | | Do you spend time and effort to maintain a good contact with the people you care about? | + | | **Questions English** |
| - | | Do you keep engaging in the things you are good at, so that you remain (very) good at them? | Blijft u bezig met de dingen waar u goed in bent, zodat u er ook (heel) goed in blijft? | + | | How often do you take the initiative to contact the people you care about? |
| - | | Do you make sure you exercise enough to stay fit longer? | + | | How often do you take the initiative to have fun contacts with other people? |
| - | | Do you expect that, in the future, you will continue to be able to take care of yourself? | + | | How often do you take the initiative to actively engage in something? |
| - | | Do you expect that, in the future, you will engage in pleasant activities? | + | | How often are you engaged in making your house or room as comfortable as possible for yourself (for example by cleaning up or by creating a cosy atmosphere)? |
| - | | Do you expect that, in the future, you will have family or friends around you? | Verwacht u dat u, in de toekomst, familie of vrienden om u heen zult hebben? | + | | Do you ever try to be good at something? |
| - | | Do you expect that, in the future, you can be of meaning to others? | + | | Are you good at something? |
| - | | Do you expect that, in the future, you will have sufficient pleasant social contacts with others? | + | | Do you succeed in finding enjoyable activities? |
| - | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I do the activities that I find pleasurable together with others. | + | | Do you succeed in letting others know that you care about them? | Lukt het u om anderen te laten merken dat u om hen geeft? |
| - | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? Others benefit from the things I do for fun. | Anderen hebben baat bij de dingen die ik doe voor mijn plezier. | + | | Do you succeed in taking good care of yourself? |
| - | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I engage in my hobbies together with other people. | + | | Do you succeed in having fun contacts with other people? |
| - | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I do fun things with people from the neighborhood. | + | | Do you sometimes make a small gesture in order to maintain good contact with your acquaintances (for example making a phone call or sending a postcard)? |
| - | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I sometimes help people in the neighborhood with something. | + | | Do you make sure you have enough regular activities (such as a hobby) so that you remain active? |
| - | | How many hobbies or regular activities do you have? | Hoeveel hobby’s of vaste bezigheden heeft u? | SMAS26 | + | | Do you spend time and effort to maintain a good contact with the people you care about? |
| - | | Do you have several ways to relax when this is needed? | + | | Do you keep engaging in the things you are good at, so that you remain (very) good at them? | Blijft u bezig met de dingen waar u goed in bent, zodat u er ook (heel) goed in blijft? |
| - | | Are there things you are good at? | Zijn er dingen waar u goed in bent? | SMAS28 | + | | Do you make sure you exercise enough to stay fit longer? |
| - | | With how many people (family members and others) do you have a confidential relationship? | + | | Do you expect that, in the future, you will continue to be able to take care of yourself? |
| - | | At how many occasions do you have enjoyable contacts with other people (for example while shopping, or at an association)? | + | | Do you expect that, in the future, you will engage in pleasant activities? |
| + | | Do you expect that, in the future, you will have family or friends around you? | Verwacht u dat u, in de toekomst, familie of vrienden om u heen zult hebben? | ||
| + | | Do you expect that, in the future, you can be of meaning to others? | ||
| + | | Do you expect that, in the future, you will have sufficient pleasant social contacts with others? | ||
| + | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I do the activities that I find pleasurable together with others. | ||
| + | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? Others benefit from the things I do for fun. | Anderen hebben baat bij de dingen die ik doe voor mijn plezier. | ||
| + | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I engage in my hobbies together with other people. | ||
| + | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I do fun things with people from the neighborhood. | ||
| + | | Could you indicate to what extent the following statement applies to you? I sometimes help people in the neighborhood with something. | ||
| + | | How many hobbies or regular activities do you have? | Hoeveel hobby’s of vaste bezigheden heeft u? | ||
| + | | Do you have several ways to relax when this is needed? | ||
| + | | Are there things you are good at? | Zijn er dingen waar u goed in bent? | smas_resources_adu_q_28 | ||
| + | | With how many people (family members and others) do you have a confidential relationship? | ||
| + | | At how many occasions do you have enjoyable contacts with other people (for example while shopping, or at an association)? | ||
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