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| upf_categorization [2022/10/07 13:17] – [Calculation of UPF categorization] laura | upf_categorization [2025/02/05 13:49] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 |
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| Researchers from the [[https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.duan/|University Medical Center Groningen]] developed the Ultra-processed food (UPF) categorization for adults according to the NOVA classification using the [[ffq_sum_scores|Food Frequency Questionnaire Sum scores]] from the heart of the FFQ flower ([[1a_questionnaire_2|1A Questionnaire 2]]). ([[sections]]: [[Nutrition]] and [[secondary & linked variables]]).\\ | Researchers from the [[https://www.rug.nl/staff/m.duan/|University Medical Center Groningen]] developed the Ultra-processed food (UPF) categorization for adults according to the NOVA classification using the [[ffq_sum_scores|Food Frequency Questionnaire Sum scores]] from the heart of the FFQ flower ([[1a_questionnaire_2|1A Questionnaire 2]]). ([[sections]]: [[Nutrition]] and [[secondary & linked variables]]).\\ |
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| The UPF food categorization can be requested in the Lifelines catalogue or by mail (data@lifelines.nl). When this data has been used in your research, you will have to include a reference to the the following paper: | The UPF food categorization can be requested in the [[https://data-catalogue.lifelines.nl/|Lifelines catalogue]]. When this data has been used in your research, you will have to include a reference to the the following paper: |
| * [[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02200-4|Duan, M. J., Vinke, P. C., Navis, G., Corpeleijn, E., & Dekker, L. H. (2022). Ultra-processed food and incident type 2 diabetes: studying the underlying consumption patterns to unravel the health effects of this heterogeneous food category in the prospective Lifelines cohort. BMC medicine, 20(1), 1-11.]] | * [[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02200-4|Duan, M. J., Vinke, P. C., Navis, G., Corpeleijn, E., & Dekker, L. H. (2022). Ultra-processed food and incident type 2 diabetes: studying the underlying consumption patterns to unravel the health effects of this heterogeneous food category in the prospective Lifelines cohort. BMC medicine, 20(1), 1-11.]] |
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| - **Processed food:** for example canned vegetables or fish and fruits in syrup | - **Processed food:** for example canned vegetables or fish and fruits in syrup |
| - **Ultra-processed food:** for example processed meat, soft drinks | - **Ultra-processed food:** for example processed meat, soft drinks |
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| | Per category three types of variables have been created: |
| | * **Classification variable:** which adds up the intake of all food items that belong to the specific category |
| | * **Intake (nova) weight ratio variable:** which indicates the weight proportion (% grams) of a specific category in the total diet of a day |
| | * **Intake (nova) energy ratio variable:** which which indicates the energy ratio (grams/1000kcal) of a specific category in the total diet of a day |
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| === Remarks from the UMCG researchers === | === Remarks from the UMCG researchers === |
| - The current categorization doesn't specifically handle the Betrouwbaarheid of energy intake (provided in the [[ffq_sum_scores|Food Frequency Questionnaire Sum scores]]). This could be a decision for other researchers using the UPF classification data. | - The current categorization doesn't specifically handle the reliability of energy intake (provided in the [[ffq_sum_scores|Food Frequency Questionnaire Sum scores]]). This could be a decision for other researchers using the UPF classification data. To make this easier, the reliability variable from the [[ffq_sum_scores|FFQ sum scores]] has been added as variable. |
| - According to the NOVA classification, some alcohol products should also be characterized as ultra-processed food. However, we did not do this because alcohol may have separate health effects. Therefore, we analyze alcohol intake always as a separate covariate. This is also practiced by other papers from other cohorts. | - According to the NOVA classification, some alcohol products should also be characterized as ultra-processed food. However, we did not do this because alcohol may have separate health effects. Therefore, we analyze alcohol intake always as a separate covariate. This is also practiced by other papers from other cohorts. |
| - Additional calculations can be made. However, since there is no "golden standard" the researchers leave this up to the interpretation of users. Examples of additional calculations: high sugar content-ultra-processed food, Glycemic Index food, and quartiles/quintiles. | |
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| ===== Variables ===== | ===== Variables ===== |
| | **Questions English** | **Questions Dutch** | **Code** | **Variable** | **Assessment** | **Age** | | | **Label English** | **Label Dutch** | **Code** | **Variable** | **Assessment** | **Age** | |
| | NOVA classification 1: unprocessed or minimally processed food | NOVA classificatie 1: onbewerkte of minimaal bewerkte voeding | | nova1 | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | food intake (gram per day) / NOVA classification 1: unprocessed or minimally processed food | voedselinname (gram per dag) / NOVA classificatie 1: onbewerkte of minimaal bewerkte voeding | nova_foodintake_adu_c_1 | nova1 | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA classification 2: processed culinary ingredient | NOVA classificatie 2: bewerkt culinair ingrediënt | | nova2 | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | food intake (gram per day) / NOVA classification 2: processed culinary ingredient | voedselinname (gram per dag) / NOVA classificatie 2: bewerkt culinair ingrediënt | nova_foodintake_adu_c_2 | nova2 | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA classification 3: processed food | NOVA classificatie 3: bewerkt voedsel | | nova3 | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | food intake (gram per day) / NOVA classification 3: processed food | voedselinname (gram per dag) / NOVA classificatie 3: bewerkt voedsel | nova_foodintake_adu_c_3 | nova3 | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA classification 4: ultra-processed food | NOVA classificatie 4: ultabewerkt voedsel | | nova4 | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | food intake (gram per day) / NOVA classification 4: ultra-processed food | voedselinname (gram per dag) / NOVA classificatie 4: ultabewerkt voedsel | nova_foodintake_adu_c_4 | nova4 | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA1 Weight Percentage Unprocessed and Minimally Processed Food | NOVA1 gewogen percentage onbewerkte of minimaal bewerkte voeding | | nova1prt | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | % of the total food intake in gram per day / NOVA classification 1: unprocessed or minimally processed food | % van de totale voedselinname in gram per dag / NOVA classificatie 1: onbewerkte of minimaal bewerkte voeding | nova_weightratio_adu_c_1 | nova1prt | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA2 Weight Percentage Processed Culinary Ingredients | NOVA2 gewogen percentage bewerkt culinair ingrediënt | | nova2prt | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | % of the total food intake in gram per day / NOVA classification 2: processed culinary ingredient | % van de totale voedselinname in gram per dag / NOVA classificatie 2: bewerkt culinair ingrediënt | nova_weightratio_adu_c_2 | nova2prt | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA3 Weight Percentage Processed Food | NOVA3 gewogen percentage bewerkt voedsel | | nova3prt | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | % of the total food intake in gram per day / NOVA classification 3: processed food | % van de totale voedselinname in gram per dag / NOVA classificatie 3: bewerkt voedsel | nova_weightratio_adu_c_3 | nova3prt | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA4 Weight Percentage Ultra-processed Food | NOVA4 gewogen percentage ultrabewerkt voedsel | | nova4prt | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | % of the total food intake in gram per day / NOVA classification 4: ultra-processed food | % van de totale voedselinname in gram per dag / NOVA classificatie 4: ultabewerkt voedsel | nova_weightratio_adu_c_4 | nova4prt | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA1 Unprocessed and Minimally Processed Food grams/1000kcal | NOVA1 onbewerkte of minimaal bewerkte voeding gram/1000kcal | | nova1kcal | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | gram per 1000kcal of the total food intake per day / NOVA classification 1: unprocessed or minimally processed food | gram per 1000kcal of de totale voedsellinname per dag / NOVA classificatie 1: onbewerkte of minimaal bewerkte voeding | nova_energyratio_adu_c_1 | nova1kcal | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA2 Processed Culinary Ingredients grams/1000kcal | NOVA2 bewerkt culinair ingrediënt gram/1000kcal | | nova2kcal | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | gram per 1000kcal of the total food intake per day / NOVA classification 2: processed culinary ingredient | gram per 1000kcal of de totale voedsellinname per dag / NOVA classificatie 2: bewerkt culinair ingrediënt | nova_energyratio_adu_c_2 | nova2kcal | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA3 Processed food grams/1000kcal | NOVA3 bewerkt voedsel gram/1000kcal | | nova3kcal | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | gram per 1000kcal of the total food intake per day / NOVA classification 3: processed food | gram per 1000kcal of de totale voedsellinname per dag / NOVA classificatie 3: bewerkt voedsel | nova_energyratio_adu_c_3 | nova3kcal | sec * | 18+ | |
| | NOVA4 Ultra-processed Food grams/1000kcal | NOVA4 ultrabewerkt voedsel gram/1000kcal | | nova4kcal | [[1a_questionnaire_2|1A]] | 18+ | | | gram per 1000kcal of the total food intake per day / NOVA classification 4: ultra-processed food | gram per 1000kcal of de totale voedsellinname per dag / NOVA classificatie 4: ultabewerkt voedsel | nova_energyratio_adu_c_4 | nova4kcal | sec * | 18+ | |
| | | reliability of the ffq heart results that were used to determine the nove scores | betrouwbaarheid van de ffq hart resultaten die zijn gebruikt voor het bepalen van de nova scores | nova_reliabilityffq_adu_c_1 | Betrouwbaarheid__nova | sec * | 18+ | |
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| | * The UPF categorization according to the NOVA is included as assessment 'sec' because it is based on the FFQ sum scores. |
