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====== Symptoms Checklist SCL-90 ======
Symptoms experienced by [[start|Lifelines]] participants were assessed using the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom_Checklist_90|Symptom Checklist (SCL-90)]], a multidimensional self-report instrument ([[sections|section]]: [[Diseases & symptoms]]) that was found to be suitable for use in large-scale studies including elderly people((Zijlema, WL et al. (2013) How to assess common somatic symptoms in large-scale studies: A systematic review of questionnaires. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 74(6): 459-468))((van Driel, TJW et al. Assessment of somatization and medically unexplained symptoms in Later Life. Assessment 25(3): 374-393)).\\ 
Note that the assessment of symptoms in specific medical fields are listed in the associated subsections (see [[Diseases & symptoms|here]] for a list).\\ 
The SCL-90 for somatic symptoms was also [[Symptoms (Covid-19)|incorporated]] in the [[COVQ|Covid-19 additional questionnaires]].

The full SCL contains the following dimensions: 
  * somatic complaints (12 items) (**see note for item SCL90SOM11**).
  * anxiety (10 items)
  * depression (16 items)
  * agorafobia (7 items)
  * distrust and interpersonal sensitivity (18 items)
  * anger/hostility (6 items)
  * insufficience of thinking and acting (9 items)
  * sleep problems (3 items)
Within the general assessments of Lifelines, only the dimension of **somatic symptoms** was used (in conjunction with symptoms associated with a specific [[diseases & symptoms|medical field]]). This dimension reflects symptoms of the autonome and musculoskeletal systems, which correlate with a general physical feeling of dysfunctioning.\\
The 26 items within the dimensions of **anxiety and depression** were (together with somatic symptoms) assessed in the context of an additional questionnaire, [[EARQ]].\\ 

===== Scoring =====

Respondents were asked to what extent they were hampered by 12 different somatic symptoms, 10 different anxiety-related symptoms, and/or 16 depression-related symptoms __in the last 7 days__ on a five point scale, from "not at all" to "extremely".

===== Publications =====

In the following publication, Lifelines SCL-90 data was investigated:
  * Acevedo-Mesa, A. et al. (2020): Improving the measurement of Functional Somatic Symptoms with item response theory. Assessment 1073191120947153.

===== Variables =====

| **Questions English**                                                                                   | **Questions Dutch**                                                                                               | **Code**                  | **Variable**  | **Assessment**                                                                                                        | **Age**  |
| headache / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                                      | hoofdpijn / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                                              | scl_headache_adu_q_01     | SCL90SOM1     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| dizziness / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                                     | duizeligheid / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                                           | scl_dizziness_adu_q_02    | SCL90SOM2     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| pain in the chest or around the heart / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:         | pijn in de borst of hartstreek / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                         | scl_chestpain_adu_q_03    | SCL90SOM3     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| pain in the lower back / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                        | pijn onder in de rug / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                                   | scl_backpain_adu_q_04     | SCL90SOM4     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| nausea or upset stomach / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                       | misselijkheid of een maag die van streek is / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door            | scl_nausea_adu_q_05       | SCL90SOM5     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| painful muscles / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                               | pijnlijke spieren / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                                      | scl_musclepain_adu_q_06   | SCL90SOM6     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| difficulty breathing / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                          | moeilijk adem kunnen krijgen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                           | scl_dyspnea_adu_q_07      | SCL90SOM7     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| feeling alternately hot and cold / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:              | je soms erg warm, dan weer erg koud voelen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door             | scl_temperature_adu_q_08  | SCL90SOM8     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| a numb or tingling feeling in some body part / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:  | een verdoofd of tintelend gevoel ergens in je lichaam / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door  | scl_numbness_adu_q_09     | SCL90SOM9     | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| a lump in your throat / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                         | een brok in je keel / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                                    | scl_throat_adu_q_10       | SCL90SOM10    | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |
| feeling very weak physically / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                  | je lichamelijk erg slap voelen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                         | scl_weakness_adu_q_11_v1  | SCL90SOM11*   | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[EARQ]]                                                                      | 18+      |
| feeling weak in parts of your body / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:            | je lichamelijk ergens slap voelen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                      | scl_weakness_adu_q_11_v2  | SCL90SOM11A   | [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[NEXT]]                                                   | 18+      |
| heavy feeling in arms or legs / to what extent were you hampered in the past 7 days by:                 | zwaar voelen in armen of benen / in welke mate werd u de afgelopen 7 dagen gehinderd door                         | scl_heavylimbs_adu_q_12   | SCL90SOM12    | [[1A Questionnaire 1|1A]] [[1B]] [[1C]] [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] [[3A Questionnaire 2|3A]] [[3B]] [[EARQ]] [[NEXT]]  | 18+      |

*SCL90SOM11 was wrongly translated into Dutch to "fealing very weak in your body". This variable was replaced by the correctly translated SCLSOM11A for assessments [[2A Questionnaire 1|2A]] and [[NEXT]].


| **Questions English**                                          | **Questions Dutch**                                                 | **Code**                     | **Variable**  | **Assessment**  | **Age**  |
| Nervousness or shakiness inside                                | Zenuwachtigheid of van binnen trillen                               | sclad_nervousness_adu_q_01   | SCL90EQ1      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Unwanted thoughts, words, or ideas that won’t leave your mind  | Nare gedachten of ideeën niet kwijt kunnen raken                    | sclad_thoughts_adu_q_02      | SCL90EQ2      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Loss of sexual interest or pleasure                            | Geen seksuele interesse meer hebben of er geen plezier aan beleven  | sclad_lowlibido_adu_q_03     | SCL90EQ3      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling low in energy or slowed down                           | Weinig puf (energie) hebben                                         | sclad_lowenergy_adu_q_04     | SCL90EQ4      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Thoughts of ending your life                                   | Denken om er maar een eind aan te maken                             | sclad_suicidal_adu_q_05      | SCL90EQ5      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Trembling                                                      | Trillen                                                             | sclad_trembling_adu_q_06     | SCL90EQ6      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Poor appetite                                                  | Weinig eetlust hebben                                               | sclad_lowappetite_adu_q_07   | SCL90EQ7      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Crying easily                                                  | Gauw huilen                                                         | sclad_crying_adu_q_08        | SCL90EQ8      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling of being trapped or caught                             | Verstrikt zijn of gevangen voelen                                   | sclad_trapped_adu_q_09       | SCL90EQ9      | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Suddenly scared for no reason                                  | Zomaar plotseling schrikken of bang worden                          | sclad_scared_adu_q_10        | SCL90EQ10     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Blaming yourself for things                                    | Jezelf van allerlei dingen de schuld geven                          | sclad_selfblame_adu_q_11     | SCL90EQ11     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling lonely                                                 | Je eenzaam voelen                                                   | sclad_lonely_adu_q_12        | SCL90EQ12     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling blue                                                   | Het gevoel in de put te zitten                                      | sclad_blue_adu_q_13          | SCL90EQ13     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Worrying too much about things                                 | Te veel over de dingen piekeren                                     | sclad_worrying_adu_q_14      | SCL90EQ14     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling no interest in things                                  | Nergens meer belangstelling in hebben                               | sclad_lowinterest_adu_q_15   | SCL90EQ15     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling fearful                                                | Je bang voelen                                                      | sclad_fearful_adu_q_16       | SCL90EQ16     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Heart pounding or racing                                       | Hartkloppingen                                                      | sclad_palpitations_adu_q_17  | SCL90EQ17     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Your mind going blank                                          | Een gevoel van leegte                                               | sclad_emptiness_adu_q_18     | SCL90EQ18     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling hopeless about the future                              | Je wanhopig over de toekomst voelen                                 | sclad_despair_adu_q_19       | SCL90EQ19     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling tense or keyed up                                      | Je gespannen voelen                                                 | sclad_tense_adu_q_20         | SCL90EQ20     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Thoughts of death or dying                                     | Denken aan dood of sterven                                          | sclad_dying_adu_q_21         | SCL90EQ21     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Spells of terror or panic                                      | Aanvallen van angst of paniek                                       | sclad_panic_adu_q_22         | SCL90EQ22     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feeling so restless you couldn’t sit still                     | Je zo rusteloos voelen dat je niet stil kunt blijven zitten         | sclad_restless_adu_q_23      | SCL90EQ23     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| Feelings of worthlessness                                      | Gevoelens dat je niets waard bent                                   | sclad_worthless_adu_q_24     | SCL90EQ24     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| N/A                                                            | Het gevoel dat iets naars je gaat overkomen                         | sclad_doom_adu_q_25          | SCL90EQ25     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
| N/A                                                            | Gedachten en bepaalde voorstellingen van angstige aard              | sclad_ideas_adu_q_26         | SCL90EQ26     | [[EARQ]]        | 18+      |
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