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====== Work role functioning (WRFQ) ======

The Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WFRQ)((Abma FI, van der Klink JJ, Bultmann U. (2013) The work role functioning questionnaire 2.0 (Dutch version): examination of its reliability, validity and responsiveness in the general working population. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 23(1):135–147)) measures the ability of the worker to meet a range of job demands for the twenty-first century given a particular state of health ([[sections|section]]: [[wellbeing & subjective health]]) ((Abma FI (2012). Work functioning: development and evaluation of a measurement tool. University Medical Center Groningen))((Abma FI, et al. (2012) The cross-cultural adaptation of the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire to Dutch. Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation 43:203-210))((Abma FI et al. (2013) Prognostic Factors for Successful Work Functioning in the General Working Population. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 23(2): 162-169))((Amick BC,III, Gimeno D (2008) Measuring Work Outcomes with a focus on Health-Related Work Productivity Loss. In: Wittink H, Carr D, editors. Pain Management: Evidence, Outcomes, and Quality of Life: A Sourcebook. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2008. p. 329-343))((Amick BC,III et al. (2000). A review of health-related work outcome measures and their uses, and recommended measures. Spine 25: 3152-3160)).\\
Note that wellbeing at work is also assessed in [[start|Lifelines]] using the [[psychosocial work environment (COPSOQ)|COPSOQ]], [[work ability (WAI)|Work Ability Index]] and [[work-home interaction (SWING)|SWING]] instruments.\\
[[Occupational history]] en [[employment status]] can be found under [[Demographics]].

===== Background =====
The WRFQ measures the perceived difficulties in meeting work demands among employees given their physical health or emotional problems. Although the instrument is developed for a population with health problems, it is suitable for the general working population (and validated in this population).\\
Thw WRFQ was originally developed in the United States and has been cross-culturally translated and adapted into Canadian French, Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch. All translations have been tested for their measurement properties.\\
The WRFQ 2.0 measures the perceived difficulties in meeting work demands among workers given their physical health or emotional problems. It consists of 27 items, divided into four subscales: 
  * work scheduling & output demands
  * physical demands
  * mental & social demands
  * flexibility demands. 
Using the WRFQ in lifelines, determinants important for healthy and active ageing (at work) might be identified. An important field, because the working life is a big part of ‘lives’.

===== Scoring =====

A total score can be calculated. All items have to be answered on a five-point scale from 0=difficult all the time (100%), 1=difficult most of the time, 2=difficult half of the time (50%), 3=difficult some of the time, 4=difficult none of the time (0%). There is a response option ‘Does not apply to my job’. The total score is calculated by adding all answers, dividing by the number of items not missing and then multiplied with 25 to obtain percentages between 0 and 100, with higher scores indicating better work functioning. The scores on ‘Does not apply to my job’ are transformed to missing values. If 20% or more items are missing, the scale score is set to missing.

===== Validity =====

Good validity and reliability in the general Dutch working population ((Abma FI, van der Klink JJ, Bultmann U.(2013) The work role functioning questionnaire 2.0 (dutch version): examination of its reliability, validity and responsiveness in the general working population. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 23:135-147)).
The WRFQ 2.0 shows very good internal consistency (α), moderate test-retest reliability (ICC), good construct validity and moderate responsiveness in this working sample. The total score and the subscales show no floor effects, but do show ceiling effects. Ten hypotheses were formulated and tested. A total of 9 hypotheses were (partly) confirmed, providing evidence for the construct validity of the WRFQ. Relationships with several other constructs were explored, without pre-defined hypotheses. This provided additional insight into the construct the WRFQ aims to measure. The results show that the WRFQ was able to distinguish between groups with different levels of self-rated general health, mental health, physical health, fatigue, need for recovery and between workers with manual and non-manual jobs. Different levels of decision latitude and psychological job demands showed different scores on the WRFQ in the expected directions, although not all differences were significant

===== Variables =====

| **Questions English**                                                                                                                         | **Questions Dutch**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | **Code**                      | **Variable**  | **Assessment**  | **Age**  |
| In the past 4 weeks, how much of the work time did your physical health or emotional problems make it difficult for you to do the following?  | Hoeveel van de werktijd, in de afgelopen 4 weken, hebben uw fysieke gezondheid of emotionele problemen het moeilijk gemaakt om het volgende te doen?                                                                                                                   |                               |               |                 |          |
| i found it difficult to get going at the start of a working day                                                                               | ik vond het moeilijk om aan het begin van een werkdag makkelijk op gang te komen                               | wrfq_startup_adu_q_01         | WRFQA         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to start working as soon as i arrive at work                                                                             | ik vond het moeilijk om meteen na aankomst op het werk met mijn werkzaamheden te beginnen                      | wrfq_startup_adu_q_02         | WRFQB         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to perform my work without additional breaks or rests                                                                    | ik vond het moeilijk om mijn werk zonder extra pauzes of rustmomenten uit te voeren            | wrfq_breaks_adu_q_03          | WRFQC         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to keep to a routine or work schedule                                                                                    | ik vond het moeilijk om me aan een routine of werkschema te houden                                             | wrfq_routine_adu_q_04         | WRFQD         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to work fast enough                                                                                                      | ik vond het moeilijk om snel genoeg te werken                                                                   | wrfq_timemanagement_adu_q_05  | WRFQE         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to finish my work on time                                                                                                | ik vond het moeilijk om het werk op tijd af te krijgen                                                           | wrfq_timemanagement_adu_q_06  | WRFQF         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to do the work without error                                                                                             | ik vond het moeilijk om het werk zonder fouten uit te voeren                                                    | wrfq_accuracy_adu_q_07        | WRFQG         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to satisfy the people who assess my work                                                                                 | ik vond het moeilijk om de mensen die mijn werk beoordelen tevreden te stellen                                 | wrfq_satisfy_adu_q_08         | WRFQH         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to being satisfied about my work                                                                                         | ik vond het moeilijk om een gevoel van voldoening in het werk te hebben                                          | wrfq_satisfaction_adu_q_09    | WRFQI         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to have the feeling to have acted to the best of my ability                                                              | ik vond het moeilijk om het gevoel te hebben naar beste kunnen gehandeld te hebben                              | wrfq_effort_adu_q_10          | WRFQJ         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to lift, carry or move objects that weigh more than 5 kilos at work                                                      | ik vond het moeilijk om op het werk voorwerpen te verplaatsen die meer dan 5 kilo wegen                         | wrfq_lifting_adu_q_11         | WRFQK         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to sit, stand or work in one position for longer than 15 minutes while working                                           | ik vond het moeilijk om tijdens het werk langer dan 15 minuten te zitten, te staan of in één houding te werken   | wrfq_endurance_adu_q_12       | WRFQL         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to make repetitive movements while working                                                                               | ik vond het moeilijk om tijdens het werk steeds weer dezelfde bewegingen te maken                            | wrfq_movements_adu_q_13       | WRFQM         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to bend, turn or reach while working                                                                                     | ik vond het moeilijk om tijdens het werk te buigen, te draaien of te reiken                                     | wrfq_movements_adu_q_14       | WRFQN         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to use tools or equipment                                                                                                | ik vond het moeilijk om handgereedschap of apparaten te gebruiken                                                  | wrfq_machinery_adu_q_15       | WRFQO         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to concentrating on work                                                                                                 | ik vond het moeilijk om de aandacht bij het werk te houden                                                      | wrfq_attention_adu_q_16       | WRFQP         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to working carefully                                                                                                     | ik vond het moeilijk om zorgvuldig te werken                                                                     | wrfq_accuracy_adu_q_17        | WRFQQ         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to focus on my work                                                                                                      | ik vond het moeilijk om mij op het werk te concentreren                                                         | wrfq_concentration_adu_q_18   | WRFQR         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to maintain my train of thought during work                                                                              | ik vond het moeilijk om mijn gedachtegang tijdens het werk vast te houden                                    | wrfq_concentration_adu_q_19   | WRFQS         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to reading or processing information easily while working                                                                | ik vond het moeilijk om tijdens het werk gemakkelijk te lezen of informatie te verwerken         | wrfq_information_adu_q_20     | WRFQT         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to talk to people, face to face or on the telephone or during meetings                                                   | ik vond het moeilijk om met mensen te spreken, face to face of aan de telefoon of tijdens vergaderingen       | wrfq_talking_adu_q_21         | WRFQU         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to keep calm in the presence of others at work                                                                           | ik vond het moeilijk om mijn kalmte te bewaren als er andere mensen bij zijn op het werk         | wrfq_staycalm_adu_q_22        | WRFQV         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to set priorities in my work                                                                                             | ik vond het moeilijk om prioriteiten te stellen in m'n werk                                                  | wrfq_priorities_adu_q_23      | WRFQW         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to dealing with changes at work                                                                                          | ik vond het moeilijk om om te gaan met veranderingen in m'n werk                                               | wrfq_changes_adu_q_24         | WRFQX         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to process incoming information, e.g. emails, on time                                                                    | ik vond het moeilijk om binnenkomende informatie, bv. e-mails, op tijd te verwerken           | wrfq_information_adu_q_25     | WRFQY         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to perform several tasks at the same time                                                                                | ik vond het moeilijk om meerdere taken tegelijk uit te voeren                                                   | wrfq_multitasking_adu_q_26    | WRFQZ         | [[2B]]          | 18+      |
| i found it difficult to show initiative at work                                                                                               | ik vond het moeilijk om eigen initiatief te tonen in het werk                                                  | wrfq_initiative_adu_q_01_a    | WRFQAA        | [[2B]]          | 18+      |