====== 12-lead electrocardiogram ====== Resting ECGs ([[sections|section]]: [[physical state]]) were taken in [[start|Lifelines]] participants aged 13 years and older during: * [[1A Visit 1]] (n = ~156.000, including ~5600 [[children]]) * [[2A Visit 1]] (n = ~112.000, no children)) * [[3A Visit 1]] ===== Background ===== The 12-lead resting ECG measures electrical activity of the heart during rest, summarized in 12 leads.\\ The ECG provides many (>400) different variables at once, both quantitative and qualitative traits. These include duration, voltage and configuration characteristics. For example, information is provided of the cardiac rhythm, heart rate, the function of the sinoatrial and the atrioventricular node, atrial size, left ventricular mass, and repolarisation time (e.g. QT time). ===== Device ===== Welch Allyn CardioPerfekt Workstation {{ :ecg_manual.pdf |}}\\ Welch Allyn CardioPerfect Workstation Software {{ :ecg_software_manual.pdf |}}\\ DT100 vacuum units (suction electrode system). ===== Protocol ===== Electrodes were placed with conduction spray on ten clean spots at the abdomen and left side of the chest of lying participants (see illustration). In case of dextrocardia, the electrodes were mirrored. {{:ecg.png?400|}} All ECGs were checked by the research nurse and the Welch Allyn algorithm using CardioPerfekt software (see flow chart). ECG deviations (atrium fibrillation, atrium flutter, bradycardia, tachycardia, infoaction, acute ischemia, ST elevation, Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome, bigemenia, Left Bundle Branch Block, >1 premature ventricular contraction, second or third grade AV-block, pacemaker) were reported to a cardiologist. {{:ecg_flowchart.png?400|}} ===== Variables ===== The ECG resulted in the following variables: | **English** | **Variable** | **Code** | **Assessment** | **Age** | | ecg performed | ecgond_1 | ecg_performed_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] | 13+ | | ecg performed | ecgond_2 | ecg_performed_all_m_2 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | if not, reason: / ecg performed | ecg_reden | ecg_performed_all_m_2_a | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | ecg device code | ecgdevice | ecg_devicecode_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] | 13+ | | is ecg to be manually reviewed by a doctor? | review | ecg_toreview_all_e_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] | 13+ | | research nurse - ecg result needs to be reviewed by ecg assistant | needs_review_ecg | ecg_toreview_all_e_2 | [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | is the ecg manually reviewed by a doctor? | reviewed | ecg_reviewed_all_e_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] | 13+ | | system evaluation ecg | systeem | ecg_system_all_m_1 | [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | automatic interpretation by welch allyn | means | ecg_welchallyn_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] | 13+ | | ecg technician - category of ECG review | ecg_functieanalist_ecg_category | ecg_category_all_e_1 | [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | ecg technician - advise to GP based on ecg review | ecg_functieanalist_ecg_feedback_gp | ecg_gpadvise_all_e_1 | [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | ecg technician - technical review | ecg_functieanalist_ecg_conclusion | ecg_technicalquality_all_e_1 | [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | heart rate | hr | ecg_heartrate_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] | 13+ | | overall p-axis (degrees) | p_axis | p_axis_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | overall duration of p-wave (ms) | p | p_wave_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | overall pq time (ms) | pq | pq_time_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | overall qrs-axis (degrees) | qrs_axis | qrs_axis_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | qt-interval (ms) | qt | qt_interval_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | overall duration of the qrs-complex (ms) | qrs | qrs_complex_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | qt-interval (ms) corrected for heart frequency (hodges) | qtc | qtc_interval_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | overall t-axis (degrees) | t_axis | t_axis_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | negative amplitude of p-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | pnegamp_1-6/15-20 | pnegamp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | posittive amplitude of p-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | pposamp_1-6/15-20 | pposamp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the q-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | qamp_1-6/15-20 | qamp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the q-wave (ms) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | qduration_1-6/15-20 | qduration_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the r'-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | raccamp_1-6/15-20 | raccamp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the r'-wave (ms) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | raccduration_1-6/15-20 | raccduration_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the r-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | ramp_1-6/15-20 | ramp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the r-wave (ms) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | rduration_1-6/15-20 | rduration_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the s'-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | saccamp_1-6/15-20 | saccamp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the s'-wave (ms) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | saccduration_1-6/15-20 | saccduration_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the s-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | samp_1-6/15-20 | samp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the s-wave (ms) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | sduration_1-6/15-20 | sduration_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 0 ms from the j point (mm) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | st0_1-6/15-20 | st0_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 20 ms from the j point (mm) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | st20_1-6/15-20 | st20_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 40 ms from the j point (mm) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | st40_1-6/15-20 | st40_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 60 ms from the j point (mm) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | st60_1-6/15-20 | st60_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 80 ms from the j point (mm) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | st80_1-6/15-20 | st80_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | negative amplitude of t-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | tnegamp_1-6/15-20 | tnegamp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | positive amplitude of t-wave (microvolt) - lead I - II - III - aVR - aVL - aVF / V1 - V2 - V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 | tposamp_1-6/15-20 | tposamp_i/ii/iii/avr/avl/avf/v1-6_all_m_1 | [[1A Visit 1|1A]] [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | negative amplitude of p-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | pnegamp_23-25 | pnegamp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | posittive amplitude of p-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | pposamp_23-25 | pposamp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the q-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | qamp_23-25 | qamp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the q-wave (ms) - lead X - Y - Z | qduration_23-25 | qduration_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the r'-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | raccamp_23-25 | raccamp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the r'-wave (ms) - lead X - Y - Z | raccduration_23-25 | raccduration_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the r-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | ramp_23-25 | ramp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the r-wave (ms) - lead X - Y - Z | rduration_23-25 | rduration_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the s'-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | saccamp_23-25 | saccamp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the s'-wave (ms) - lead X - Y - Z | saccduration_23-25 | saccduration_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | amplitude of the s-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | samp_23-25 | samp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | duration of the s-wave (ms) - lead X - Y - Z | sduration_23-25 | sduration_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 0 ms from the j point (mm) - lead X - Y - Z | st0_23-25 | st0_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 20 ms from the j point (mm) - lead X - Y - Z | st20_23-25 | st20_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 40 ms from the j point (mm) - lead X - Y - Z | st40_23-25 | st40_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 60 ms from the j point (mm) - lead X - Y - Z | st60_23-25 | st60_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | deviation from the st segment at 80 ms from the j point (mm) - lead X - Y - Z | st80_23-25 | st80_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | negative amplitude of t-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | tnegamp_23-25 | tnegamp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ | | posittive amplitude of t-wave (microvolt) - lead X - Y - Z | tposamp_23-25 | tposamp_x/y/z_all_m_1 | [[2A Visit 1|2A]] [[3A Visit 1|3A]] | 13+ |