====== Urine Sample Analyses ======

The following variables were assessed in fresh [[urine samples]] collected from [[start|Lifelines]] participants during [[1A Visit 2]], [[2A Visit 2]] and [[3A Visit 2]] ([[sections|section]]: [[physical state]]).\\
Assessments were performed at the laboratory center of the [[https://www.umcg.nl|University Medical Center Groningen]] that is [[https://www.umcg.nl/NL/UMCG/Afdelingen/Laboratoriumgeneeskunde/Professionals/KwaliteitscertificatenAanvragen/Paginas/default.aspx|certified]] according to NEN-EN-ISO 9001:2008 and NEN-EN-ISO 15189:2012 standards.\\ 
For more information about individual assays, see [[https://www.umcg.nl/NL/UMCG/Afdelingen/Laboratoriumgeneeskunde/Professionals/bepalingenwijzer/Paginas/bepalingenwijzer.aspx|here]].\\
Note that additional analyses were performed on [[blood analyses|blood]] samples collected on the same day.

===== Assessments =====
**Creatinine** in the urine together with urine flow rate and creatinine levels in the blood can be used to calculate the creatinine clearance rate; the measurement is performed using a Roche Enzymatic assay with a detection limit of 0,097 - 45 mmol/L (predilution factor 20), traceable to reference isotope dilution mass spectroscopy.\\
**Albumin** was determined using Tinaquant turbidimetric assay (Roche) to determine Proteinuria – a marker suggestive of illness e.g. kidney injury. 



| **English**                                                                                          | **Code**                        | **Variable**  | **N @ [[1A Visit 2|1A]]**  | **N @ [[2A Visit 2|2A]]**  | **N @ [[3A Visit 2|3A]]**  | **N @ 4A**  | **Age**  |
| the 24h urine sample was obtained within 24h (before or after) the blood sample                     | ur24h_blood_all_m_1             | 24H_BL        | ~131k | ~99k | ~78k | 100+ | 18+ |
| the 24h urine sample was obtained within 24h (before or after) the early morning spot urine sample  | ur24h_uems_all_m_1              | 24H_EMS       | ~42k | - | - | - | 18+ |
| Volume of 24h urine sample in milliliters                                                            | ur24h_volume_all_m_1            | U24HVOL       | ~148k | ~103k | ~79k | 100+ | 18+ |
| Are any urinations for the 24h urine sample missed?                                                  | ur24h_missed_all_m_1            | PLGEM         | ~148k | ~103k | ~79k | 100+ | 18+      |
| Creatinine in 24-hrs urine (mmol/L)                                                                  | ur24hcreatinine_result_all_m_1  | UKR24         | ~148k | ~103k | ~79k | 100+ | 18+      |
| Albumin in 24h urine (mg/L)                                                                          | ur24halbumin_result_all_m_1     | BABU24        | ~59k | ~0,2k | - | 100+ | 18+      |
| Albumin in 24h urine (mg/L)                                                                          | ur24halbumin_result_all_m_2     | PABU24        | - | ~1,6k | - | - | 18+      |
| Magnesium in 24h urine (mg/L)                                                                        | ur24hmagnesium_result_all_m_1   | MG24          | - | ~2,3k | - | - | 18+      |
| the early morning spot urine sample obtained within 24h (before or after) the blood sample      | urems_blood_all_m_1             | EMS_BL        | ~42k | - | - | - | 18+      |
| was the early morning spot urine sample obtained within 24h (before or after) the 24h urine sample?  | urems_u24h_all_m_1              | EMS_24H       | ~42k| - | - | - | 18+ |
| Creatinine in early morning spot urine (mmol/L)                                                      | uremscreatinine_result_all_m_1  | UKREMS        | ~55k | - | - | - | 18+ |
| Albumin in early morning spot urine (mg/L)                                                           | uremsalbumin_result_all_m_1     | BABUEMS       | ~55k | - | - | - | 18+ |
| the to urine sample obtained within 24h (before or after) the blood sample                      | urto_blood_all_m_1              | TO_BL         | ~7.5k | ~5.2k | ~1.6k | - | 8 – 17 |
| Are any urinations for the timed-overnight urine sample missed?                                      | urto_missed_all_m_1             | TOPLGEM       | ~8.6k | ~6.2k | ~1.8k | - | 8 – 17 |
| Volume of timed-overnight urine sample in milliliters                                                | urto_volume_all_m_1             | TOVOL         | ~8.6k | ~6.2k | ~1.8k | - | 8 – 17 |
| Creatinine in timed-overnight urine (mmol/L)                                                         | urtocreatinine_result_all_m_1   | UKRTO         | ~8.6k | ~6.2k | ~1.8k | - | 8 – 17 |
| Albumin in timed-overnight urine (mg/L)                                                              | urtoalbumin_result_all_m_1      | BABUTO        | ~0,8k | - | - | - | 8 – 17 |
| Sodium in 24h urine (mg/L) |  | NAUR24 | - | - | - | 100+ | 18+ |
| Potassium in 24h urine (mg/L) |  | KAUR24 | - | - | - | 100+ | 18+ |
| Chloride in 24h urine (mg/L) |  | CLUR24 | - | - | - | 100+ | 18+ |
\\
===Additional assessment SALT===
In the context of the additional assessment on [[SALT|salt intake]], the following urine analyses have been performed. 
| **Label English**                | **Label Dutch**                     | **Code**                       | **Variable**  | **Assessment**  | **Age**  |
| chloride in 24h urine (mmol/l)   | chloride in 24-uurs urine (mmol/l)  | ur24hchloride_result_all_m_1   | cl24          | [[SALT]]        | 18+      |
| potassium in 24h urine (mmol/l)  | kalium in 24-uurs urine (mmol/l)    | ur24hpotassium_result_all_m_1  | k24           | [[SALT]]        | 18+      |
| sodium in 24h urine (mmol/l)     | natrium in 24-uurs urine (mmol/l)   | ur24hsodium_result_all_m_1     | na24          | [[SALT]]        | 18+      |