The revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) is a standard psychological instrument that assesses one’s dispositional level of optimism, i.e. the degree to which people possess confidence and hope that future events will turn out positively. The LOT-R was implemented in both adult (section: mental health) and adolescent Lifelines participants in the context of an additional questionnaire: OPBQ.
The Parental Bonding Instrument¹⁾ is a 2×24-item questionnaire that can be used to study optimal and distorted parental bonding. It assesses the bond between the participant and the two parental figures ('parent 1' and 'parent 2') who play or played the most important role in his/her upbringing.