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emotional_affect_panas

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PANAS

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a self-report instrument consisting of two 10-item mood scales to measure positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Positive and negative affect are considered as indicators of mental health and psychological well-being1). (section: mental health/wellbeing & subjective health).

Background

  • Positive affect items include: feeling alert, inspired, active, interested, excited, strong, enthusiastic, determined, proud, and attentive.
  • Negative affect items include: feeling irritable, ashamed, upset, nervous, guilty, scared, hostile, jittery, afraid, and distressed

Participants have to rate the extent to which they have experienced each item during the last four weeks. For each item they have to indicate how many times they felt that way in the previous four weeks on a Likert-type scale (not at all, a little, now and then, often or extremely).
Note that three additional affect items (angry, resigned, hopeful) were added in the additional questionnaire on the impact of earthquakes.

Validity

The validity of the PANAS is described in detail in the articles provided in the references2)3)4)5)6)

Publications using Lifelines data

  • Schenk et al. (2018) Associations of Positive Affect and Negative Affect With Allostatic Load: A Lifelines Cohort Study. Psychosomatic Medicine 80(2): 160-166

Variables

Questions English Questions Dutch Variable Assessment Age
Indicate the extent you have felt this way over the past week. Wilt u bij elk gevoel aangeven hoe vaak u dat in de afgelopen 4 weken gehad hebt?
Interested Geïnteresseerd PANAS1 1A QEAR 18+
Distressed Bedroefd PANAS2 1A QEAR 18+
Excited Opgewonden PANAS3 1A QEAR 18+
Upset Overstuur PANAS4 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Strong Sterk PANAS5 1A QEAR 18+
Guilty Schuldig PANAS6 1A QEAR 18+
Scared Angstig PANAS7 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Hostile Vijandig PANAS8 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Enthusiastic Enthousiast PANAS9 1A QEAR 18+
Proud Trots PANAS10 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Irritable Prikkelbaar PANAS11 1A QEAR 18+
Alert Alert PANAS12 1A QEAR 18+
Ashamed Beschaamd PANAS13 1A QEAR 18+
Inspired Geïnspireerd PANAS14 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Nervous Nerveus PANAS15 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Determined Vastbesloten PANAS16 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Attentive Aandachtig PANAS17 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Jittery Zenuwachtig PANAS18 1A QEAR 18+
Active Actief PANAS19 1A 2B QEAR 18+
Afraid Bang PANAS20 1A QEAR 18+
Angry Boos EQPANAS21 QEAR 18+
Resigned Gelaten EQPANAS22 QEAR 18+
Hopeful Hoopvol EQPANAS23 QEAR 18+
1)
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology;47:1063–1070.
2)
Crawford J.R., Henry J.D. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. (2004) British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, Pt 3, 245-265, The British Psychological Society, England
3)
Tellegen A., Watson D., Clark L.A. (1999) On the dimensional and hierarchical structure of affect. Psychological Science, 10, 297-303
4)
Peeters, F. P. M. L., Ponds, R. W. H. M., & Vermeeren, M. T. G. (1996). Affectiviteit en zelfbeoordeling van depressie en angst. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 38, 240-250
5)
Engelen, U., De Peuter, S., Victoir, A., Van Diest, I., & Van den Bergh, O. (2006). Verdere validering van de PANAS en vergelijking van twee Nederlandstalige versies. Gedrag & Gezondheid, 34(2), 89-102
6)
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology;47:1063–1070
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